Study Details
Study Title: Road Factors and Bicycle-Motor Vehicle Crashes at Unsignalized Priority Intersections
Authors: Schepers et al.
Publication Date:MAY, 2011
Abstract: In this study, the safety of cyclists at unsignalized priority intersections within built-up areas is investigated. The study focuses on the link between the characteristics of priority intersection design and bicycle-motor vehicle (BMV) crashes. Across 540 intersections that are involved in the study, the police recorded 339 failure-to-yield crashes with cyclists in four years. These BMV crashes are classifed into two types based on the movements of the involved motorists and cyclists: -type I: through bicycle related collisions where the cyclist has right of way (i.e. bicycle on the priority road); -type II: through motor vehicle related collisions where the motorist has right of way (i.e. motorist on the priority road). The probability of each crash type was related to its relative flows and to independent variables using negative binomial regression. The results show that more type I crashes occur at intersections with two-way bicycle tracks, well marked, and reddish coloured bicycle crossings. Type I crashes are negatively related to the presence of raised bicycle crossings (e.g. on a speed hump) and other speed reducing measures. The accident probability is also decreased at intersections where the cycle track approaches are deflected between 2 and 5 m away from the main carriageway. No significant relationships are found between type II crashes and road factors such as the presence of a raised median.
Study Citation: J.P. Schepers, J.P., Kroeze, P.A., Sweers, W., and Wust, J.C., "Road Factors and Bicycle-Motor Vehicle Crashes at Unsignalized Priority Intersections." Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 43, Issue 3, Elsevier Ltd., (2011) pp. 853-861.
CMFs Associated With This Study
Category: Bicyclists
Countermeasure: Installation of a cycle track 0-2m from the side of the main road with cyclist priority at intersections
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.03 | -3 |  | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Installation of a cycle track 2-5m from the side of the main road with cyclist priority at intersections
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.55 | 45 |  | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Installation of a cycle track over 5m from the side of the main road with cyclist priority at intersections
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.93 | 7 | | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Installation of a speed hump or other speed reducing measure for through motorized vehicles on the main road
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.28 | -28 | | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Installation of a two-way cycle path with cyclist priority at intersections
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.75 | -75 | | Vehicle/pedestrian | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Installation of additional travel lanes and a raised island
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1 | -10 | | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Installation of additional travel lanes, a raised island and left-turn lane
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.96 | 4 | | All | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Installation of high quality markings for bicycle crossings with cyclist priority at intersections
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.74 | -74 | | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Installation of left-turn lane or left-turn section on the main road where cyclists have priority at the intersection
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.12 | -12 | | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Installation of raised bicycle crossing or other speed reducing measure for vehicles entering or leaving the side road
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.49 | 51 | | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Installation of raised island and left-turn lane
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.48 | -48 | | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Installation of raised island with a separate space for cyclists
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.43 | -43 | | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Installation of red color and high quality markings for bicycle crossings with cyclist priority at intersections
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.53 | -153 | | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Installation of red color for bicycle crossings with cyclist priority at intersections
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.47 | -47 | | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Installation of vehicle travel lanes
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.67 | -67 | | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Introduction of restricted visibility from vehicles on a minor road to approaching bicyclists at intersections with cyclist priority
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.37 | -37 | | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Introduction of very poor visibility from vehicles on a minor road to approaching bicyclists at intersections with cyclist priority
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.54 | 46 | | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Moving a separate bicycle crossing to a four-legged intersection
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.28 | -28 | | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
Countermeasure: Moving a separate bicycle crossing to a three-legged intersection
| CMF | CRF(%) | Quality | Crash Type | Crash Severity | Roadway Type | Area Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.83 | 17 | | Vehicle/bicycle | All | All | Urban and suburban |
