Countermeasure: 10-ft to 100-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.25 75
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.22 78
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.35 65
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.25 75
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 20-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.86 14
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 30-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.74 26
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 40-ft converstion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.63 37
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.6 40
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.71 29
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 50-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.54 46
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.59 41
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 60-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.46 54
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 70-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.4 60
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.36 64
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.5 50
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.57 43
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
- 0.39 61
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 80-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.34 66
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.31 69
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.39 61
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.34 66
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.66 34
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.51 49
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Stamatiadis et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: 10-ft to 90-ft conversion (median width)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.29 71
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.26 74
  Cross median
  Not specified Rural Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.41 59
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.4 60
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.34 66
  Cross median
  Not specified Urban Harkey et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  All
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Absence of access points
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.56 44
  All
  All Urban Lee et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Add markings to the major approach of unsignalized 3-leg intersection to serve as a median
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.7 30
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Add Two-Way-Left-Turn-Lane (TWLTL) to the major approach of an unsignalized 3-leg intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.69 31
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Add Two-Way-Left-Turn-Lane (TWLTL) to the major approach of an unsignalized 4-leg intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.66 34
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Add wildlife crossing structure with fencing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.664 33.6
  Other
  All Not specified Ahmed and Ahmed, 2023 Full access control[read more]
- 0.549 45.1
  All
  All Not specified Ahmed and Ahmed, 2023 Full access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Other
  All Irfan U. Ahmed and Mohamed M. Ahmed, 2022 Full access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  Other
  All Irfan U. Ahmed and Mohamed M. Ahmed, 2022 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Add wildlife warning signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.15 -15
  Other
  All Not specified Ahmed and Ahmed, 2023 Full access control[read more]
- 1.062 -6.2
  All
  All Not specified Ahmed and Ahmed, 2023 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change driveway class to high turnover/major
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  2.37 -137
  Other
  All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Full access control[read more]
- 2.17 -117
  Other
  All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change driveway density from X to Y (driveways/mile for segment)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Fitzpatrick et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  All
  All Rural Fitzpatrick et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change driveway spacing
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  Other
  All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Full access control[read more]

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.25	75		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.22	78		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.36	64		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.35	65		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.3	70		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.25	75		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

	0.87	13		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

	0.58	42		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.86	14		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.84	16		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.89	11		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.89	11		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.87	13		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.91	9		Multiple vehicle	All	Not specified	Stamatiadis et al., 2009	Full access control[read more]

	0.86	14		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

	0.98	2		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

	0.94	6		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.74	26		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.71	29		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.8	20		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.79	21		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.76	24		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.73	27		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

	0.94	6		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

	0.83	17		Multiple vehicle	All	Not specified	Stamatiadis et al., 2009	Full access control[read more]

	0.89	11		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.63	37		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.6	40		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.71	29		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.71	29		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.67	33		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.63	37		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

	0.95	5		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

	0.75	25		Multiple vehicle	All	Not specified	Stamatiadis et al., 2009	Full access control[read more]

	0.84	16		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.54	46		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.51	49		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.64	36		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.63	37		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.59	41		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.54	46		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

	0.94	6		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

	0.68	32		Multiple vehicle	All	Not specified	Stamatiadis et al., 2009	Full access control[read more]

	0.79	21		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.46	54		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.43	57		Cross median	Not specified	Rural	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.57	43		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.56	44		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.51	49		Cross median	Not specified	Urban	Harkey et al., 2008	Full access control[read more]

	0.46	54		All	All	Urban	Abdel-Aty et al., 2014	Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change driveway type

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.456	54.4		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	All	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

0.129 87.1
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
2.194 -119.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.282 71.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
7.78 -678
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
3.546 -254.6
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.562 43.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.16 84
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
1.78 -78
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
6.248 -524.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
6.248 -524.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
3.51 -251
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.535 46.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.181 81.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
1.869 -86.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.338 66.2
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
5.526 -452.6
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
2.956 -195.6
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.455 54.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.223 77.7
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.051 94.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
2.197 -119.7
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.489 51.1
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.112 88.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
4.493 -349.3
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
2.045 -104.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
4.35 -335
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
19.545 -1854.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
8.894 -789.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
4.35 -335
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]

	0.229	77.1		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	4.365	-336.5		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	0.213	78.7		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	4.696	-369.6		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	0.474	52.6		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	0.221	77.9		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	2.111	-111.1		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	0.467	53.3		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

0.343 65.7
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.109 89.1
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
2.919 -191.9
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.317 68.3
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
9.193 -819.3
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
3.15 -215
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.678 32.2
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.135 86.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
1.474 -47.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.199 80.1
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
7.418 -641.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
5.031 -403.1
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.478 52.2
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.093 90.7
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
2.093 -109.3
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.196 80.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
10.702 -970.2
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
1.403 -40.3
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.447 55.3
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.222 77.8
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.07 93
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
2.237 -123.7
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.496 50.4
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
4.51 -351
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
4.51 -351
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
2.016 -101.6
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
0.315 68.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
14.295 -1329.5
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
6.39 -539
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
3.17 -217
Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Williamson et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]

	0.691	30.9		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	0.158	84.2		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	1.447	-44.7		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	6.315	-531.5		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	0.227	77.3		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	0.939	6.1		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	4.411	-341.1		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	1.065	-6.5		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	0.671	32.9		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	0.478	52.2		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	1.491	-49.1		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	0.713	28.7		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	2.092	-109.2		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	1.403	-40.3		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	4.521	-352.1		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

	2.142	-114.2		Angle,Fixed object,Left turn,Rear end,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Williamson et al., 2018	Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change driveway type to full access
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  2.25 -125
  Other
  All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change driveway width
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  Other
  All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change in driveway density from X to Y driveways per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010	Full access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
Angle
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
O (property damage only) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Rear end
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Fixed object,Run off road,Single vehicle
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
O (property damage only) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Rear end
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Sideswipe
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Fitzpatrick et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change in median opening density from X to Y median openings

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010	Full access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
Angle
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
O (property damage only) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Head on
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change in signal spacing from X 1000's feet to Y 1000's feet
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Rear end
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Fixed object,Run off road,Single vehicle
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  O (property damage only) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Rear end
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change in unsignalized cross roads from X to Y unsignalized cross roads per mile
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Rear end
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Fixed object,Run off road,Single vehicle
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Head on
  All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change number of 3-leg intersections from X to Y

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Angle,Cross median,Fixed object,Head on,Left turn,Non-intersection,Parking related,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Truck related	All	Urban	Dumbaugh and Li, 2011	Full access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
Angle,Cross median,Head on,Left turn,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Sideswipe
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Fixed object
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Parking related
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Vehicle/bicycle
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change number of 4-or-more-leg intersections from X to Y

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		Angle,Cross median,Fixed object,Head on,Left turn,Non-intersection,Parking related,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle,Truck related	All	Urban	Dumbaugh and Li, 2011	Full access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
Angle,Cross median,Head on,Left turn,Rear end,Rear to rear,Right turn,Sideswipe
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Fixed object
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Parking related
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
Vehicle/bicycle
All Urban Dumbaugh and Li, 2011 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Change number of driveway entry lanes
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  Other
  All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Change number of driveways near signalized intersection from X to Y (bike crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Oh et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Closure or complete relocation of all driveways from functional area of intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.93 7
  All
  All Urban Lall et al., 1995 Full access control[read more]
- 1.67 -67
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Lall et al., 1995 Full access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  All
  All Rural Lall et al., 1995 Full access control[read more]
- 1.41 -41
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Lall et al., 1995 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert a 3-leg unsignalized intersection at a driveway to a regular 3-leg unsignalized intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.41 -41
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert an open median on the major approach to unsignalized 3-leg intersection to a closed median
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.02 -2
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert an open median to a directional median
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.76 24
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  A (serious injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 1.13 -13
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  All Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert an open median to a left-in only median
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.31 -31
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 1.41 -41
  All
  A (serious injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 0.8 20
  All
  C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 1.13 -13
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  All Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Zhou et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert an open median to a mixed median on the major approach to a 3-leg unsignalized intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.95 5
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert an open median to a TWLTL
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.45 -45
  All
  All Not specified Haleem et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert an open median to an undivided median on the major approach to an unsignalized 3-leg intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.85 15
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert frontage road from two-way operation to one-way operation

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.43	57		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Not specified	Eisele et al., 2011	Full access control[read more]

0.06 94
Angle,Head on,Left turn
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]
0.17 83
Angle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]
0.27 73
Rear end
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]
0.32 68
All
B (minor injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]
0.46 54
All
C (possible injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]
0.32 68
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]
0.2 80
Head on
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]
0.15 85
Head on,Left turn
All Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]
0.23 77
Angle,Head on,Left turn
All Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]
0.2 80
All
B (minor injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]
0.04 96
Head on
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Eisele et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Convert the open median on the major approach of an unsignalized 3-leg intersection to a directional median
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.86 14
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Create directional median openings to allow left-turns and u-turns
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.49 51
  All
  All Rodegerdts et al., 2004 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Decrease freeway ramp spacing from infinity to S (ft) with/without auxiliary lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Not specified
  All Not specified Le, T. Q., and Porter, R. J., 2012 Full access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Le, T. Q., and Porter, R. J., 2012 Full access control[read more]
- F(x) F(x)
  Not specified
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Le, T. Q., and Porter, R. J., 2012 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Decrease median width from 64ft to 22ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  3.629 -262.9
  All
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 3.227 -222.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 5.732 -473.2
  Rear end
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 4.184 -318.4
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Decrease median width from 64ft to 40ft
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.071 -7.1
  All
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 1.073 -7.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 1.43 -43
  Rear end
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 1.151 -15.1
  Sideswipe
  All Urban Haleem et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement home zone design in residential neighborhoods
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.71 29
  All
  All Biddulph, 2010 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase density of access points
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.368 -36.8
  Other
  All Not specified Hamzeie et al., 2019 Full access control[read more]
- 3.473 -247.3
  Other
  All Not specified Hamzeie et al., 2019 Full access control[read more]
- 1.172 -17.2
  Other
  All Not specified Hamzeie et al., 2019 Full access control[read more]
- 3.92 -292
  Other
  All Not specified Hamzeie et al., 2019 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 1 ramps per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.05	-5		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Full access control[read more]

1.033 -3.3
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Full access control[read more]
1.047 -4.7
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 1 ramps per mile on curves

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.04	-4		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 1 ramps per mile on tangents

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.023	-2.3		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 10 ramps per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.636	-63.6		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Full access control[read more]

1.379 -37.9
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Full access control[read more]
1.578 -57.8
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 10 ramps per mile on curves

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.48	-48.1		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 10 ramps per mile on tangents

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.25	-25.1		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 5 ramps per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.279	-27.9		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Full access control[read more]

1.174 -17.4
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Full access control[read more]
1.256 -25.6
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 5 ramps per mile on curves

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.217	-21.7		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from 0 to 5 ramps per mile on tangents

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.12	-11.9		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from X to Y ramps per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Full access control[read more]

F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Full access control[read more]
F(x) F(x)
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from X to Y ramps per mile on curves

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase freeway on-ramp density from X to Y ramps per mile on tangents

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	F(x)	F(x)		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	All	Park, Fitzpatrick, Lord, 2010	Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Increase intersection median width by 3 ft increments
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.06 -6
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban and Suburban Harwood et. al, 1995 Full access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban and Suburban Harwood et. al, 1995 Full access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban and Suburban Harwood et. al, 1995 Full access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and Suburban Harwood et. al, 1995 Full access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Multiple vehicle
  All Rural Harwood et. al, 1995 Full access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Harwood et. al, 1995 Full access control[read more]
- 1.05 -5
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and Suburban Harwood et. al, 1995 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase median width
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Full access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Full access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Full access control[read more]
- F(x)
  All
  Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Full access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Full access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Full access control[read more]
- F(x)
  Vehicle/bicycle
  Urban Park and Abdel-Aty, 2016 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase separation distance between driveway exit and downstream U-turn by 10% (m)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.967 3.3
  All
  All Liu et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Increase separation distance between driveway exit and downstream U-turn by 10% (m) (crashes related to indirect left turns)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.955 4.5
  All
  All Liu et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install left-in left-out (LILO) treatment
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.899 10.1
  All
  All Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Full access control[read more]
- 0.668 33.2
  Angle,Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Full access control[read more]
- 1.49 -49
  Sideswipe
  All Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Full access control[read more]
- 0.852 14.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Full access control[read more]
- 0.846 15.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Full access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Full access control[read more]
- 0.935
  All
  All Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Full access control[read more]
- 1.158 -15.8
  Angle,Left turn
  All Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Full access control[read more]
- 1.427 -42.7
  Sideswipe
  All Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Full access control[read more]
- 0.735 26.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Full access control[read more]
- 0.586 41.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury) Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Full access control[read more]
- 0.599 40.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Urban and suburban Russo et al., 2021 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install median on the minor approach of an unsignalized 3-leg intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.82 18
  All
  All All Haleem and Abdel-Aty, 2010 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install raised median
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.29 70.77
  All
  All Urban Schultz et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.45 55.43
  Angle
  All Urban Schultz et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.32 68
  Head on
  All Urban Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  Head on
  All Rural Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.72 28
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
- 0.58 42
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Al-Marafi et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  All Urban Yanmaz-Tuzel and Ozbay, 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.61 39
  All
  All Schultz et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Schultz et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install right-in-right-out (RIRO) operations at stop-controlled intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.55 45
  All
  All Urban Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.32 68
  Other
  All Urban Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.2 80
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  All
  All Urban Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  Other
  All Urban Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.64 -64
  All
  All Urban Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 2.55 -155
  Other
  All Urban Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.56 -56
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install wide median (>2 m) on major road of a 4-leg signalized intersection (motorcycle crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.2 -20
  All
  All Urban Haque et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Landscape Medians at Intersections
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.68 -68
  All
  All Not specified Lin et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 3.26 -226
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Lin et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Lin et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Modify access point density
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x)
  All
  All Rural Harwood et al., 2000 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Modify frontage road and/or ramp lane
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.972 2.8
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Avelar et al., 2023 Full access control[read more]
- 0.873 12.7
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Avelar et al., 2023 Full access control[read more]
- 0.862 13.8
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Avelar et al., 2023 Full access control[read more]
- 0.605 39.5
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Avelar et al., 2023 Full access control[read more]
- 0.863 13.7
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Avelar et al., 2023 Full access control[read more]
- 0.96 4
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Avelar et al., 2023 Full access control[read more]
- 0.925 7.5
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Avelar et al., 2023 Full access control[read more]
- 0.489 51.1
  Other
  All Urban and suburban Avelar et al., 2023 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of driveway on an intersection approach corner
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.82 18
  All
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  All
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.79 21
  Rear end
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.63 37
  Rear end
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.83 17
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.03 -3
  Angle
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.06 -6
  Angle
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1 0
  Left turn,Right turn
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.01 -1
  Left turn,Right turn
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of driveway on an intersection receiving corner
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.33 -33
  All
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.76 -76
  All
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.29 -29
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.68 -68
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.36 -36
  Rear end
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.86 -86
  Rear end
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.31 -31
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.42 -42
  Angle
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 2.02 -102
  Angle
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.29 -29
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.67 -67
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.71 -71
  All
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.22 -22
  Left turn,Right turn
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.49 -49
  Left turn,Right turn
  All Not specified Le et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of grade-separated interchange
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.01 -1
  All
  All Not specified Thais Rangel, José Manuel Vasallo, and Blanca Arenas, 2011 Full access control[read more]
- 1.02 -2
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Thais Rangel, José Manuel Vasallo, and Blanca Arenas, 2011 Full access control[read more]
- 1.77 -77
  All
  K (fatal) All Thais Rangel, José Manuel Vasallo, and Blanca Arenas, 2011 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of median
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.97 3.1
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Miranda-Moreno et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Presence of parking entrances
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.01 -0.5
  Vehicle/bicycle
  All Urban and suburban Miranda-Moreno et al., 2011 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Provide a raised median

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	1.94	-94		All	K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Rural	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Full access control[read more]

2.28 -128
All
O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Full access control[read more]
0.61 39
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Full access control[read more]
0.78 22
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Full access control[read more]
1.09 -9
All
O (property damage only) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Full access control[read more]
0.88 12
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Full access control[read more]
0.82 18
All
O (property damage only) Rural Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Full access control[read more]
0.49 51
Other
All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Full access control[read more]
0.265 73.5
Head on
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.512 48.8
Head on
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.896 10.4
Rear end
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.777 22.3
Rear end
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.776 22.4
Rear end
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.83 17
Rear end
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.544 45.6
Angle
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.64 36
Angle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.641 35.9
Angle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.595 40.5
Angle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.397 60.3
Left turn
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.295 70.5
Left turn
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.243 75.7
Left turn
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.294 70.6
Left turn
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.329 67.1
Left turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.571 42.9
Right turn
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.661 33.9
Right turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.83 17
Sideswipe
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.661 33.9
Vehicle/pedestrian
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.734 26.6
Vehicle/pedestrian
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.711 28.9
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
1.173 -17.3
Rear end
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.732 26.8
Angle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.664 33.6
Left turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.597 40.3
Sideswipe
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.377 62.3
Other
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.477 52.3
Head on
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.742 25.8
Rear end
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.558 44.2
Angle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.262 73.8
Left turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.529 47.1
Right turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.596 40.4
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.827 17.3
Other
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.628 37.2
All
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.684 31.6
All
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.58 42
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.582 41.8
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.564 43.6
Day time
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.512 48.8
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.416 58.4
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.859 14.1
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.465 53.5
Other
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.275 72.5
Head on
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.756 24.4
Rear end
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.462 53.8
Angle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.326 67.4
Left turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.682 31.8
All
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.712 28.8
All
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.643 35.7
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.654 34.6
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.639 36.1
Day time
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.412 58.8
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.881 11.9
Rear end
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.647 35.3
Angle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.348 65.2
Left turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.663 33.7
Right turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.818 18.2
Sideswipe
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.709 29.1
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.735 26.5
All
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.783 21.7
All
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.695 30.5
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.695 30.5
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.684 31.6
Day time
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.625 37.5
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.444 55.6
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.418 58.2
Other
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.742 25.8
All
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.659 34.1
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.66 34
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.697 30.3
All
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.292 70.8
Head on
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0 100
Head on
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.778 22.2
All
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.852 14.8
Head on
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.973 2.7
Angle
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.925 7.5
Right turn
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.925 7.5
Right turn
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.859 14.1
Sideswipe
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.743 25.7
Sideswipe
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.743 25.7
Sideswipe
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.487 51.3
Vehicle/pedestrian
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
1.704 -70.4
Vehicle/pedestrian
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.811 18.9
Vehicle/bicycle
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
1.018 -1.8
Vehicle/bicycle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.487 51.3
Vehicle/bicycle
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.973 2.7
Vehicle/bicycle
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.955 4.5
Vehicle/bicycle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.974 2.6
Right turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
1.37 -37
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.705 29.5
Vehicle/bicycle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
1.028 -2.8
Other
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.953 4.7
All
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.941 5.9
All
O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.974 2.6
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.528 47.2
All
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.965 3.5
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.973 2.7
Day time
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.998 0.2
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.503 49.7
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.98 2
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.44 56
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.904 9.6
Sideswipe
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
1.006 -0.6
Vehicle/bicycle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.791 20.9
All
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.931 6.9
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.943 5.7
Right turn
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
1.186 -18.6
Sideswipe
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
1.237 -23.7
Vehicle/pedestrian
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
1.031 -3.1
Vehicle/bicycle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.825 17.5
Other
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
1.65 -65
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.55 45
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.867 13.3
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.588 41.2
Head on
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.978 2.2
Vehicle/bicycle
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.963 3.7
Other
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.716 28.4
All
K (fatal) Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
0.928 7.2
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
1.181 -18.1
Nighttime
All Urban and suburban Alluri et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Provide on-ramp
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.345 -34.53
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 1.304 -30.4
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 1.115 -11.48
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 1.318 -31.82
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 1.564 -56.35
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 2.898 -189.84
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 1.322 -32.23
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 1.469 -46.9
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 1.223 -22.3
  Cross median,Fixed object,Run off road,Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 2.39 -139
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 1.569 -56.9
  Fixed object
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 1.923 -92.3
  Fixed object
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 1.557 -55.7
  Other
  All Rural Graham et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 1.581 -58.1
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Graham et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Reduce driveways from 10-24 to less than 10 per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.75	25		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Reduce driveways from 26-48 to 10-24 per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.69	31		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Reduce driveways from 48 to 26-48 per mile

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.71	29		All	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban and suburban	Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004	Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Replace direct left-turn with right-turn/U-turn
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.8 20
  All
  All Not Specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  O (property damage only) Not Specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not Specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  Rear end
  All Not Specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 0.64 36
  Angle
  All Not Specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  All
  All Not Specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not Specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 0.67 33
  Angle
  All Not Specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 1.21 -21
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 0.49 51
  All
  All Not Specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 0.38 62
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  O (property damage only) Not Specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  Rear end
  All Not Specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 1.33 -33
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  All Not specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 0.97 3
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Xu, 2001 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Replace TWLTL with raised median

	CMF	CRF(%)	Quality	Crash Type	Crash Severity	Area Type	Reference	Comments
	0.77	23		Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle	All	Urban	Mauga and Kaseko, 2010	Full access control[read more]

0.65 36
Angle
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
0.81 19
Rear end
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
0.79 21
Sideswipe
All Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
0.53 47
Head on
All Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
0.79 21
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]
0.67 33
Angle,Fixed object,Head on,Rear end,Run off road,Sideswipe,Single vehicle
O (property damage only) Urban Mauga and Kaseko, 2010 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Restrict left or right turn (transit-related crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.72 27.5
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Restrict left or right turn (transit-serviced locations)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.96 3.5
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
- 0.87 13.4
  All
  All Urban Shalah et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Shorten left turn lane by X percent at unsignalized median opening
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  F(x) F(x)
  Fixed object,Rear end,Sideswipe
  All Urban Chen et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Signalize driveway
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  3.98 -298
  Other
  All Urban Stokes et al., 2016 Full access control[read more]

Category: Advanced technology and ITS (577)

Subcategory: None (577)

Countermeasure: Changeable Curve Speed Warning signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  2 0
  Single vehicle,Speed related
  All Tribbet, L., McGowen, P., and Mounce, J., 2000 Full access control[read more]
- 1.13 -13
  All
  All Rural Tribbet, L., McGowen, P., and Mounce, J., 2000 Full access control[read more]
- 1.47 -47
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Tribbet, L., McGowen, P., and Mounce, J., 2000 Full access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Tribbet, L., McGowen, P., and Mounce, J., 2000 Full access control[read more]
- 1.31 -31
  Speed related
  All Rural Tribbet, L., McGowen, P., and Mounce, J., 2000 Full access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  Truck related
  All Rural Tribbet, L., McGowen, P., and Mounce, J., 2000 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Convert existing barrier tollbooths to open road tolling (ORT) facility
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.53 47
  All
  All Not specified Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.54 46
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.34 66
  Rear end
  All Not specified Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.45 55
  Other
  All Not specified Abdel-Aty et al., 2014 Full access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Not specified
  Not specified Not specified Yang, Ozbay, and Bartin, 2012 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Coordinated Ramp Metering
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.07 -7
  All
  All Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Full access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Full access control[read more]
- 1.12 -12
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Full access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  All Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Full access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Full access control[read more]
- 0.92 8
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Full access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  All
  All Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Full access control[read more]
- 0.99 1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Full access control[read more]
- 1.16 -16
  All
  O (property damage only) Not specified Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, and Stuart Madison Harvey, 2022 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Deactivate red-light camera
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.2 -20
  Other
  All Urban Ko et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 1.23 -23
  Other
  All Urban Ko et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 1.28 -28
  Other
  All Urban Ko et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 1.14 -14
  Other
  All Urban Ko et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 1.1 -10
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Ko et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 1.13 -13
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Ko et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Ko et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 1.27 -27
  Other
  All Urban Ko et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 1.48 -48
  Other
  All Urban Ko et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 1.2 -20
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Ko et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 1.26 -26
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Ko et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 0.56 44
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Ko et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 1.301 -30.1
  Other
  K (fatal) Urban Hu and Cicchino, 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 1.161 -16.1
  All
  K (fatal) Urban Hu and Cicchino, 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 1.179 -17.9
  Other
  K (fatal) Urban Hu and Cicchino, 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 1.084 -8.4
  All
  K (fatal) Urban Hu and Cicchino, 2017 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement Active Traffic Management Strategies
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.152 -15.2
  All
  All Suburban Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.159 -15.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.127 -12.7
  Multiple vehicle
  All Suburban Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.177 -17.7
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.141 -14.1
  Rear end
  All Suburban Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 1.109 -10.9
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Suburban Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement Active Traffic Management Strategies with Hard Shoulder Running
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.753 24.7
  All
  All Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.938 6.2
  All
  All Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.897 10.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.902 9.8
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.854 14.6
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.891 10.9
  Rear end
  All Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.829 17.1
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.681 31.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.711 28.9
  Multiple vehicle
  All Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.586 41.4
  Multiple vehicle
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.691 30.9
  Rear end
  All Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
- 0.607 39.3
  Rear end
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Dutta et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement automated red light running enforcement cameras (RLR-related crashes)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.6 40
  All
  All Hallmark et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  Rear end
  All Hallmark et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Implement automated speed enforcement cameras

CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
0.37 63
Single vehicle
All Urban Shin et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
0.52 48
Sideswipe
All Urban and suburban Shin et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]

	0.12	88		Angle,Cross median,Day time,Dry weather,Fixed object,Head on,Left turn,Nighttime,Non-intersection,Parking related,Rear to rear,Right turn,Run off road,Speed related,Truck related,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian,Wet road	All	Urban	Shin et al., 2009	Full access control[read more]

0.46 54
All
All Urban Shin et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
0.36 64
Sideswipe
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]

	0.14	86		Angle,Cross median,Day time,Dry weather,Fixed object,Head on,Left turn,Nighttime,Non-intersection,Parking related,Rear to rear,Right turn,Run off road,Speed related,Truck related,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian,Wet road	A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury)	Urban	Shin et al., 2009	Full access control[read more]

0.52 48
All
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
0.33 67
Single vehicle
O (property damage only) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
0.57 43
Sideswipe
O (property damage only) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]

	0.1	90		Angle,Cross median,Day time,Dry weather,Fixed object,Head on,Left turn,Nighttime,Non-intersection,Parking related,Rear to rear,Right turn,Run off road,Speed related,Truck related,Vehicle/bicycle,Vehicle/pedestrian,Wet road	O (property damage only)	Urban	Shin et al., 2009	Full access control[read more]

0.44 56
All
O (property damage only) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
0.882 11.8
All
All Urban Tilahun, 2023 Full access control[read more]
0.851 14.9
All
K (fatal), A (serious injury) Urban Tilahun, 2023 Full access control[read more]
0.914 8.6
All
B (minor injury) Urban Tilahun, 2023 Full access control[read more]
0.855 14.5
All
C (possible injury) Urban Tilahun, 2023 Full access control[read more]
0.85 14.97
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.854 14.62
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.856 14.37
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.863 13.65
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.879 12.13
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.936 6.38
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.654 34.63
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.802 19.77
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.878 12.18
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.905 9.49
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.935 6.54
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.957 4.27
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.786 21.44
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.868 13.23
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.901 9.94
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.982 1.84
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Li et al., 2020 Full access control[read more]
0.725 27.5
All
B (minor injury) Li et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
0.736 26.4
All
B (minor injury) Li et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
0.815 18.5
All
B (minor injury) Li et al., 2013 Full access control[read more]
0.942 5.8
All
All Choi et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
0.74 26
Rear end
All Urban Shin et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
0.57 43
Single vehicle
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
0.77 23
Rear end
A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
0.69 31
Rear end
O (property damage only) Urban Shin et al., 2009 Full access control[read more]
0.84 16.2
All
All Moon and Hummer, 2010 Full access control[read more]
0.82 18.2
All
O (property damage only) Moon and Hummer, 2010 Full access control[read more]
0.85 15.1
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Moon and Hummer, 2010 Full access control[read more]
0.83 17
All
K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Various, 2010 Full access control[read more]

Countermeasure: Implement mobile automated speed enforcement system
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.799 20.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.857 14.3
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.855 14.5
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.821 17.9
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.815 18.5
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.854 14.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.859 14.1
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.713 28.7
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.723 27.7
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.727 27.3
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.733 26.7
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.821 17.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.915 8.5
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.914 8.6
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.85 15
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.866 13.4
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.739 26.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.982 1.8
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.955 4.5
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.908 9.2
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.975 2.5
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.846 15.4
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.889 11.1
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.712 28.8
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.798 20.2
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.753 24.7
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.695 30.5
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.806 19.4
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.773 22.7
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.679 32.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.849 15.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.729 27.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.809 19.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.917 8.3
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.864 13.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.834 16.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.971 2.9
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.929 7.1
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.806 19.4
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.939 6.1
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.833 16.7
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.865 13.5
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.785 21.5
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.873 12.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.738 26.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.808 19.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.833 16.7
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.726 27.4
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.945 5.5
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.837 16.3
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.735 26.5
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.936 6.4
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.924 7.6
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.774 22.6
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.699 30.1
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.905 9.5
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.859 14.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.75 25
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.776 22.4
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 1.035 -3.5
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.795 20.5
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.826 17.4
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 1.018 -1.8
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.771 22.9
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.826 17.4
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.94 6
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.955 4.5
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.769 23.1
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.938 6.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.771 22.9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.727 27.3
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.856 14.4
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.932 6.8
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.815 18.5
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.915 8.5
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.811 18.9
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.893 10.7
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.847 15.3
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.763 23.7
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.883 11.7
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.844 15.6
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.759 24.1
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.828 17.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.888 11.2
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.709 29.1
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.851 14.9
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.9 10
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.832 16.8
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.862 13.8
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.904 9.6
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.817 18.3
  All
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.893 10.7
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.794 20.6
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.786 21.4
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.884 11.6
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.819 18.1
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.766 23.4
  Speed related
  All Urban Li et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.91 9
  All
  All Cunningham et al., 2008 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Implement mobile speed cameras
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.09 -9
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Brenac, 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 1.2 -20
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Rural Brenac, 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  All Urban Pérez et al., 2007 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Individual changeable speed warning signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.59 41
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install an Adaptive Signal Control Systems (ASCS)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.527 47.3
  Other
  All Salek et al., 2021 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install automated section speed enforcement system
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.68 32
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.563 43.7
  Single vehicle
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.791 20.9
  Rear end
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.784 21.6
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.632 36.8
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.704 29.6
  Other
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.706 29.4
  Other
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.666 33.4
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.715 28.5
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.624 37.6
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.512 48.8
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.776 22.4
  Other
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.427 57.3
  Other
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.491 50.9
  Wet road
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.831 16.9
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.792 20.8
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.913 8.7
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.714 28.6
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.473 52.7
  Single vehicle
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.991 0.9
  Rear end
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.88 12
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.743 25.7
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.818 18.2
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.489 51.1
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.838 16.2
  Dry weather
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.445 55.5
  Wet road
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.847 15.3
  Day time
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.617 38.3
  Nighttime
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.81 19
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  All
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
- 0.82 18
  Run off road
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
- 0.86 14
  Rear end
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
- 0.52 48
  Sideswipe
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  Not specified
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
- 0.74 26
  Day time
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
- 0.62 38
  Nighttime
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Dry weather
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Wet road
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
- 0.73 27
  All
  B (minor injury),O (property damage only) Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
- 0.44 56
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
- 1.097 -9.7
  Multiple vehicle
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.951 4.9
  All
  All Urban Montella, et al., 2005 Full access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Lahrmann et al., 2016 Full access control[read more]
- 0.7 30
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) All Lahrmann et al., 2016 Full access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury) All Lahrmann et al., 2016 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install automated section speed enforcement system on curves
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.57 43
  All
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install automated section speed enforcement system on tangents
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.72 28
  All
  All Not specified Montella et al., 2012 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install automated speed camera at signalized intersection
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  1.01 -1
  All
  All Urban and suburban Izadpanah et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 1.11 -11
  All
  O (property damage only) Urban and suburban Izadpanah et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.68 32
  All
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban and suburban Izadpanah et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  Angle
  All Urban and suburban Izadpanah et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 1.09 -9
  Rear end
  All Urban and suburban Izadpanah et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Speed related
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Not specified Vanlaar, Robertson, and Marcoux, 2011 Full access control[read more]
- 0.87 13
  Speed related
  O (property damage only) Not specified Vanlaar, Robertson, and Marcoux, 2011 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install Box Span Signal
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.975 2.5
  Other
  All Yassin et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 0.897 10.3
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Yassin et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 0.876 12.4
  Angle
  All Yassin et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 1.097 -9.7
  Other
  All Yassin et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 0.888 11.2
  Other
  K (fatal),A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Yassin et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
- 0.841 15.9
  Angle
  All Yassin et al., 2017 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install changeable "Queue Ahead" warning signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.84 16
  Rear end
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Full access control[read more]
- 1.16 -16
  Rear end
  O (property damage only) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install changeable crash ahead warning signs
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.56 44
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Urban Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install changeable speed warning signs for individual drivers
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.54 46
  All
  All Not specified Elvik, R. and Vaa, T., 2004 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install dynamic advance intersection warning system
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.3 70
  All
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.38 62
  All
  K (fatal) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.3 70
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.29 71
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.32 68
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.76 24
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.15 85
  Not specified
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  All
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0 100
  All
  K (fatal) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.89 11
  All
  A (serious injury),B (minor injury),C (possible injury) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.1 90
  All
  O (property damage only) Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.55 45
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.33 67
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 3.19 -219
  Angle
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
- 0.27 73
  Not specified
  All Rural Maze et al., 2010 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install dynamic speed feedback sign
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.95 5
  All
  All Rural Hallmark et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.93 7
  All
  All Rural Hallmark et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Hallmark et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.95 5
  Single vehicle
  All Rural Hallmark et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.78 22
  Other
  All Rural Wang et al., 2018 Full access control[read more]
Countermeasure: Install Fixed Automated Spray Technology (FAST)
- CMF CRF(%) Quality Crash Type Crash Severity Area Type Reference Comments
  0.3 70
  All
  All Urban Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.44 56
  All
  All Urban Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.42 58
  All
  All Urban Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 2.48 -148
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 1.57 -57
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 1.33 -33
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.98 2
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.84 16
  All
  All Urban Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0 100
  All
  All Urban Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.46 54
  All
  All Urban Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.77 23
  All
  All Urban Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.43 57
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 0.69 31
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 1.17 -17
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 2.34 -134
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 2.65 -165
  All
  All Rural Veneziano et al., 2015 Full access control[read more]
- 2.49</

CRASH MODIFICATION FACTORS CLEARINGHOUSE

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